Bénin-Fête nationale du vaudou : Les danses et rituels vaudous impressionnent les festivaliers (vidéo)
La fête nationale du vaudou est célébrée au Bénin chaque début d’année au Bénin. Des cérémonies se tiennent dans tout le pays afin de demander la paix aux divinités.
Chaque 10 janvier, les Béninois rendent hommage aux divinités du vaudou, religion bâtie autour des forces de la nature et du lien avec les ancêtres, dont les représentations peuvent être des objets ou des éléments naturels.
Cette année, à Ouidah, les danses et rituels vaudous impressionnent les festivaliers et ceci en présence du ministre de la Culture (vidéo)
Des artistes déguisés en gardiens de la nuit ont tourbillonné dans des costumes ressemblant à des meules de foin en technicolor, ravissant les fidèles et les touristes.
Plus d’un millier de personnes se sont rassemblées mardi dans la petite ville de la côte atlantique de Ouidah, autrefois un port important de la traite des esclaves, pour assister aux rituels annuels élaborés de danse et de tambours pour honorer la panoplie de dieux et d’esprits de la religion vieille de 500 ans.
« Ils viennent en nombre croissant parce que le vaudou n’est plus considéré comme de la sorcellerie, il n’est plus considéré comme de la barbarie », a déclaré le chef spirituel vaudou Daagbo Hounon Houna II, paré de perles colorées et d’un chapeau haut de forme.
Le vaudou est pratiqué par environ 12 % de la population de ce pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest qui compte 13 millions d’habitants, mais les autorités souhaitent également utiliser ces racines spirituelles profondes et ces coutumes spectaculaires pour attirer davantage de touristes et stimuler l’économie dépendante de l’agriculture.
À Ouidah, des groupes de danse se déplacent sur des tambours et des chants envoûtants pendant que les spectateurs regardaient et tournaient des vidéos sur leurs téléphones.
La thérapeute nigériane Flora Domenis, 44 ans, s’est rendue au festival avec des amis des Caraïbes, qui, selon elle, avaient un intérêt particulier pour ce type de traditions en raison de leur héritage africain commun.
« Pour eux, il y a beaucoup d’intérêt à découvrir les racines de nos ancêtres, les racines africaines », a-t-elle déclaré.
Le spectateur Jean Marie Ngondjibangangte du Cameroun a été particulièrement impressionné par les masques multicolores et le jeu de jambes complexe des danseuses.
Le vaudou « est extraordinaire et nous, les Africains, devons faire tout notre possible pour promouvoir cette culture », a-t-il déclaré.
Dans le cadre de son plan de développement, le gouvernement a réservé une partie du front de mer entre la ville principale de Cotonou et Ouidah en tant que zone touristique spéciale pour les visiteurs, qui, espère-t-il, seront également désireux de visiter des sites historiques d’esclaves, des palais précoloniaux et visiter les merveilles naturelles de l’intérieur du Bénin.
Il y a du chemin à faire. Seuls environ 350 000 touristes ont visité le Bénin en 2020, bien que le nombre n’ait cessé d’augmenter depuis 292 000 visités en 2016, selon les données annuelles les plus récentes de l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme.
La touriste française Elodie Wine, 23 ans, a déclaré que voir les danses de groupe et les costumes fantastiques du festival de Ouidah était probablement le point culminant de son voyage au Bénin.
« C’était magnifique. Nous ne pensions pas qu’il y aurait autant de monde ici, mais c’est génial à voir », a déclaré la sage-femme stagiaire.
Une fête sans les Egun-gun
Pour cette édition de 2023, les revenants appelés «Egun-gun» ont été interdits de sortir dans les rues. Pourquoi ?
À lire une correspondance signée du Secrétaire général de l’Association des Dignitaires des Cultes «Egungun» et «Oro» (ADCEO), les circonstances et les occasions au cours desquelles la sortie des «Egungun» est possible sont mentionné et la la fête du Vodoun ne fait pas partie des occasions de sortie des Egungun.
Dans cette note signée du Secrétaire général de L’ADCEO, Bernad Atihounnon précise que : les « Egungun » ou « Oro » ne sortent que dans les circonstances ci-après : à la mort d’une personne issue de souche Yoruba (sur demande de la famille) ; aux cérémonies propitiatoires «Odundun Iranti Ookun» communément appelé « Ebo Edun» pour honorer les défunts de chaque famille. Ceci, lorsqu’un membre du culte désire célébrer la naissance ou la sortie d’un nouveau-né (« Egungun », uniquement).
José-Éric LeDivin
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