Santé

Santé/Covid19 : L’Union Africaine veut créer cinq pôles de fabrication de vaccins sur le continent

L’Union africaine (UA) a annoncé mardi 13 avril 2021 le lancement d’un «partenariat pour la fabrication de vaccins africains» (PAVM) avec pour objectif de créer cinq pôles de recherche et de fabrication de vaccins sur le continent.

Ce projet a été scellé par la signature d’accords avec la Coalition pour les innovations en matière de préparation aux épidémies (Cepi) -qui co-pilote déjà le programme Covax avec l’Alliance du Vaccin (Gavi) et l’OMS- ainsi qu’avec la banque panafricaine Afreximbank (Africa Export-Import Bank) et l’Africa Finance Corporation, une institution financière panafricaine.

Ces cinq pôles de recherche et de fabrication de vaccins seront développés dans les «dix à quinze prochaines années», dans chacune des cinq grandes régions du continent (Afrique du Nord, Afrique occidentale, Afrique centrale, Afrique australe, Afrique de l’Est), a détaillé John Nkengasong, le directeur du Centre de contrôle et de prévention des maladies en Afrique (Africa CDC), qui dépend de l’UA. L’objectif est de fabriquer localement, d’ici 20 ans, 60% des vaccins utilisés sur le continent, contre 1% actuellement.

«Nous avons conscience qu’il s’agit d’un vrai défi», a souligné M. Nkengasong, en clôture de deux jours de sommet virtuel sur ce thème. Mais «si l’Afrique ne prévoit pas aujourd’hui de répondre à ses besoins en matière de sécurité vaccinale, alors nous nous préparons définitivement à l’échec», a-t-il ajouté.

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Il a souligné l’importance «de faire un bond en avant en s’appuyant sur la technologie de l’ARN messager», et évoqué l’intérêt du Sénégal, de l’Afrique du Sud et du Rwanda de s’engager dans cette voie.

Le directeur de Cepi, Richard Hatchett, s’est félicité de participer à «renforcer la capacité de l’Afrique à prévenir, détecter et répondre aux menaces infectieuses émergentes et réémergentes».

«Il faudra des ressources financières suffisantes, des législations harmonisées en Afrique et des incitatifs», a déclaré le président en exercice de l’Union africaine, Félix Tshisekedi, en appelant «solennellement la diaspora africaine à travers le monde pour aider aux renforcements des capacités de fabrication de médicaments et de vaccins en Afrique».

Ce projet «ne se contentera pas de se battre contre la Covid-19 mais permettra d’implanter une fabrication de vaccins pour les maladies connues et de se préparer pour les épidémies et pandémies à venir», a ajouté le président de la RDC.

La question de l’inégalité de l’accès aux vaccins en Afrique a été mise en lumière par la pandémie de coronavirus.

L’OMS Afrique avait ainsi déploré le 8 avril que «moins de 2% des 690 millions de doses de vaccin anti-Covid-19 administrées jusqu’à présent à l’échelle mondiale l’ont été en Afrique». Près de 13 millions de doses avaient été administrées en Afrique à cette date, selon l’OMS.

Avec AFP

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