Au Togo, plus précisément dans le grand Lomé, plusieurs petites structures d’épargne bancaire communément appelés les « microfinances » n’arrivent plus à satisfaire (en termes de retrait) leurs clients. Pour cause, ces structures de microfinance passent les clés sous la porte ces derniers temps. Les clients en pleurent devant ces institutions privées ne réclament qu’une seule chose, le retrait de leur sous. Quelles sont les réelles causes de la fermeture brusque de ces microfinances ? Comment les clients peuvent-ils récupérer leur argent ? La rédaction de Togonyigba est allée à la quête d’information.
Ainsi, une microfinance (Systèmes financiers décentralisés, SFD) est comparable à une petite institution d’épargne bancaire dont l’objet principal est d’offrir aux entrepreneurs, artisans ou commerçants des solutions d’épargne. En effet ces institutions proposent à la clientèle différents types de produits d’épargne (le dépôt à vu, dépôt à terme, tontine…) Leurs cibles sont ces personnes qui n’ont pas accès aux banques traditionnelles. Elle a pour rôle premier de récupérer les épargnes des clients, généralement ceux-là qui exercent dans l’informel, proposer de nouveaux services à ses clients, accorder des crédits et aider également ces personnes à gérer leur argent.
Du reste, ces institutions participent à l’amélioration de l’inclusion financière au Togo, notamment dans l’accès des populations rurales et périphériques aux systèmes de financement. Depuis le mois de décembre, année 2021, des attroupements de personnes devant certaines structures de microfinances de la capitale et même dans
certaines villes du pays sont très visibles. Des femmes et hommes, vieux comme jeunes qui attendent devant des portes fermées et de surcroît sous le chaud soleil pendant des heures pour récupérer leurs épargnes.
Les petites banques telles que la COFEC-MICROFINANCE (Coopérative des Femmes pour l’Épargne et Crédit), PETROS Coopérative D’appui au Développement Communautaire ont mis « clé sous la porte ».
La rédaction de Togonyigba s’est approchée des clients et quelques responsables de ces microfinances pour s’enquérir des nouvelles et les réponses reçues sont très étonnantes et choquantes dans la mesure où l’un des objectifs de ces microfinances qui est d’aider les familles à gérer leur argent est en péril.
« Je cotise ici depuis 2 ans sans jamais toucher à mon argent. Je comptais rentrer en possession de mon dû afin d’ouvrir mon atelier de coiffure ce début d’année, mais je suis venu ce matin retrouver leur portail fermé. » affirme Céline un apprenti coiffeuse en pleure.
« regardez notre situation aujourd’hui…on ne peut même pas se tourner vers les assurances…nous en avons même pas. Et voilà que ces personnes irresponsables nous ont laissé sur le carreau(…) Pourquoi à l’ouverture de ces structures, l’état ne réclame pas à ces responsables de microfinances un dépôt de garantie auprès du Trésor public ou je n’en sais rien pour que dans ces genres de situations, les victimes que nous sommes puissent récupérer leurs épargnes ? » s’exclame kossi, un patron soudeur en colère
Pour Pierre, un patron d’atelier de menuiserie, c’est pour soigner son enfant malade, qu’il est venu faire un retrait, mais le résultat a été le même que celui de Céline.
Artisans, commerçant pour la plupart, mais aussi des fonctionnaires d’Etat, chacun avait une raison particulière pour venir faire un retrait.
Contactez par la rédaction, certains responsables de quelques microfinances, qui pour la plupart ont requis l’anonymat, n’ont ménagé aucun effort pour relater les vraies causes de cette fermeture involontaire. « Nos problèmes sont multiples. Ce n’est pas une joie pour nous d’ouvrir une entreprise et de la refermée involontairement. Vous savez, parfois nos personnelles mettent la main dans la caisse et au moment où on s’en rend compte c’est trop tard… » a confié un responsable avec une voix désespérée avant d’ajouter que ce qui fait mal parfois c’est qu’une personne sur qui tu as mis ta confiance qui est à la base de ça.
Pour un autre qui ne voulait même pas parler, c’est la nouvelle réglementation de l’État qui est à la base de sa fermeture. « Je ne sais pas quoi vous dire. Ma tête n’est pas ici. Svp, on peut reparler après » a-t-il indiqué avec ton peu orthodoxe avant de dire par après sur insistance de notre rédaction que « vous savez, parfois les lois du pays ne nous avantage pas trop mais il faut se soumettre. Nous devons respecter les nouvelles réglementations de l’Etat »
Rappelons également que plusieurs responsables de quelques microfinances étaient pour la plupart injoignables.
Comment les clients peuvent-ils récupérer leur argent ?
Selon ces quelques responsables qui se sont prononcés à nos micros, les clients doivent prier pour que les autorités compétentes du pays puissent donner le quitus pour la réouverture de leur microfinance .
Il urge que les autorités compétentes puissent règlementer et assainir le milieux. Aussi, elles doivent entreprendre les démarches nécessaires afin que les citoyens victimes et clients de ces microfinances qui pour une raison ou une autre sont contraints de fermer boutique, puissent rentrer dans leurs droits et récupérer leurs investissements.
La rédaction
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