Santé : La rougeole, une menace mondiale imminente !
La rougeole est une maladie virale grave extrêmement contagieuse.
Il existe désormais une menace imminente de propagation de la rougeole dans diverses régions du monde, car la COVID-19 a entraîné une baisse constante de la couverture vaccinale et affaibli la surveillance de la maladie, selon l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) et l’agence de santé publique américaine (CDC)
La rougeole est l’un des virus humains les plus contagieux et est presque entièrement évitable par la vaccination. Elle se caractérise par une forte fièvre, une toux, une rhinopharyngite et une conjonctivite importantes, puis par une éruption sur la peau.
La rougeole est due à un paramyxovirus du genre morbillivirus qui circule entre les êtres humains .Cependant, il faut une couverture vaccinale de 95% pour prévenir les épidémies parmi les populations.
Un record de près de 40 millions d’enfants a manqué une dose de vaccin contre la rougeole en 2021 en raison des obstacles créés par la pandémie de COVID, ont déclaré l’OMS et les Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) des États-Unis dans un rapport conjoint.
Alors que les cas de rougeole n’ont pas encore augmenté de façon spectaculaire par rapport aux années précédentes, il est maintenant temps d’agir, a déclaré à Reuters le responsable de la rougeole de l’OMS, Patrick O’Connor.
« Nous sommes à la croisée des chemins », a-t-il déclaré mardi. « Ce sera 12 à 24 mois très difficiles pour essayer d’atténuer cela. »
Une combinaison de facteurs tels que des mesures de distanciation sociale persistantes et la nature cyclique de la rougeole peut expliquer pourquoi il n’y a pas encore eu d’explosion de cas malgré l’élargissement des lacunes immunitaires, mais cela pourrait changer rapidement, a déclaré O’Connor, soulignant la nature hautement contagieuse de la maladie.
L’OMS a déjà constaté une augmentation des grandes épidémies perturbatrices depuis le début de 2022, passant de 19 à près de 30 en septembre, a déclaré O’Connor, ajoutant qu’il était particulièrement préoccupé par certaines parties de l’Afrique subsaharienne.
La rougeole est une maladie virale grave extrêmement contagieuse.
Avant que la vaccination ne soit introduite en 1963 et qu’elle ne se généralise, on enregistrait tous les 2/3 ans d’importantes épidémies qui pouvaient causer environ 2,6 millions de décès par an.
La rougeole reste l’une des causes importantes de décès du jeune enfant, alors qu’il existe un vaccin sûr et efficace. On estime que 89 780 personnes, dont une majorité d’enfants de moins de 5 ans, sont mortes de la rougeole en 2016.
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