Royaume-Uni/ du 2 au 5 juin 2022, célébration des 70 ans de règne d’Élizabeth II. Un jubilé de platine
Les célébrations des 70 ans de règne d’Élizabeth II, son jubilé de platine, ont débuté ce jeudi 2 juin à Londres par la cérémonie du « Salut aux couleurs », un défilé militaire et aérien. Malgré son âge, 96 ans, et sa santé fragile, la reine est apparue au balcon de Buckingham Palace. Elle ne sera pas, en raison d’un inconfort, présente demain lors de la messe. Les festivités vont durer quatre jours, jusqu’au dimanche 5 juin.
À 96 ans, la reine est devenue la première monarque britannique à célébrer un jubilé de platine
La reine est apparue au balcon.
La reine est apparue ce jeudi 2 juin 2022 au balcon de Buckingham Palace et a été acclamée par la foule. De quoi rassurer les Britanniques, car la santé d’Élizabeth II, 96 ans, inquiète. La photo de famille a réuni Charles, Camilla, Anne, William et Catherine et leurs enfants. Mais pas Harry et Meghan, qui n’étaient pourtant pas loin. La reine n’assistera toutefois pas à la grande messe prévue ce vendredi matin. Vers 22 h 30, la souveraine est réapparue devant les caméras, pour illuminer à distance un arbre symbolisant ses 70 ans de règne.
Les Britanniques fêtent, à compter de ce jeudi 2 juin et jusqu’à dimanche, les 70 ans de règne d’Elizabeth II. Un Jubilé de platine qui sera l’occasion de célébrer une reine toujours aussi populaire dans son pays. Affaiblie par des problèmes de santé et très souvent remplacée par le prince Charles, son fils aîné, Elizabeth II refuse cependant toute idée d’abdication ou de régence.
Les pubs autorisés à ouvrir jusqu’à une heure du matin, deux de plus que d’habitude, c’est le signe qu’il se passe quelque chose de très important au Royaume-Uni ! À partir d’aujourd’hui et jusqu’à dimanche, les sujets britanniques vont fêter le jubilé de platine, les 70 ans de règne d’Elizabeth II.
Devenue reine à l’âge de 25 ans, en 1952, Elizabeth II a aujourd’hui 96 ans. Sa longévité exceptionnelle sur le trône la place à la troisième position des monarques ayant le plus longtemps régné, derrière le roi français Louis XIV et le souverain thaïlandais Rama IX, et explique sans doute en partie son incroyable popularité.
« C’est devenu un monument national, un mythe vivant, s’enthousiasme l’historien Philippe Delorme*, spécialiste de la monarchie britannique et auteur de Les jeunes années d’une Reine. Quand on imagine que son Premier ministre était Winston Churchill, et qu’elle a porté l’uniforme pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ! C’est vraiment un personnage que tout le monde a toujours connu, la reine du XXe et maintenant du XXIe siècle. Cela explique cette ferveur et même cet amour de ses sujets pour cette vieille dame qui symbolise à la fois l’unité et la continuité nationales. »
Un serment religieux
Cette vieille dame de 96 ans a cependant de plus en plus de mal à assumer ses responsabilités de reine, en raison de ses problèmes de santé. À tel point qu’Elizabeth II a dû renoncer, ces derniers mois, à de nombreux événements et multiplie les rencontres « virtuelles » avec ses interlocuteurs. Mais pas question pour autant d’abdiquer en faveur de son fils, le prince Charles.
Car, lors de son accession au trône il y a 70 ans, elle a fait le serment religieux de porter la couronne jusqu’à sa mort. « Elle a reçu l’onction à l’abbaye de Westminster et elle se considère comme investie d’une mission sacrée, explique Philippe Delorme. Elle estime qu’elle est reine pour sa vie durant et n’envisage donc pas d’abdiquer, à l’inverse d’autres monarchies plus laïques, comme en Belgique ou dans les pays scandinaves. »
« Lieutenance générale »
Pas question d’abdiquer, mais c’est malgré tout une passation de pouvoir « en douceur » qui s’opère entre Elizabeth II, son fils aîné, le prince Charles, et son petit-fils William. À tel point que le 10 mai dernier, le prince Charles a prononcé en son nom le fameux discours du trône, lu devant les parlementaires britanniques, que la reine n’avait manqué qu’à deux occasions depuis son couronnement.
« Le prince de Galles et William ont repris toutes les fonctions de représentation, mais la reine reste chef de l’État, nuance le journaliste Marc Roche, auteur de Les Borgia à Buckingham. C’est elle qui mène l’audience hebdomadaire avec le Premier ministre, c’est aussi elle qui signe tous les documents officiels. »
Il serait donc inexact de parler de « régence » – la Constitution britannique ne la prévoyant qu’en cas de maladie mentale du souverain. « Nous sommes plutôt dans une situation de délégation de pouvoir ou de lieutenance générale, ce qui convient absolument aux Britanniques, parce qu’ils ont une telle admiration pour la reine et pour tout ce qu’elle a fait pour le pays qu’ils ne demandent pas d’abdication. »
Le faste et le glamour
La reine n’est cependant pas éternelle, même si sa longévité exceptionnelle le laisser parfois penser. Et les adversaires de la monarchie britannique, bien que minoritaires au Royaume-Uni, espèrent qu’une fois tournée la page Elizabeth II, leurs compatriotes voudront également tourner celle de la monarchie. Un espoir douché par de nombreux observateurs qui mettent en avant l’attachement des Britanniques à la Couronne.
La monarchie survivra certainement au décès d’Elizabeth II parce que les Britanniques sont pragmatiques.
« Quel intérêt ont-ils à changer de système et d’avoir une République comme en France, où il y a un monarque républicain ? Actuellement, la monarchie britannique a un très bon rapport qualité-prix en raison des retombées touristiques, et en raison du « Soft Power », c’est-à-dire de son pouvoir d’influence », explique Marc Roche.
« La monarchie donne quelque chose de plus au Royaume-Uni, quelque chose qui n’existe pas dans les républiques : le mythe, la magie, le faste, le glamour et les Britanniques y sont très attachés. Ils sont aussi conscients que la monarchie rend ce pays plus important que sa taille réelle, qui est celle d’une puissance moyenne. Surtout après le Brexit ! »
Avec AFP
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