[Bon À savoir] Boite Automatique d’un véhicule : Signification des Lettres P, R, N et D…
Fonctionnement d'une boîte automatique de véhicule
De plus en plus de personnes font le choix de conduire des voitures équipées d’une Boîte de Vitesses Automatique (BVA). Si vous n’avez pas passé votre permis BVA, prenez un peu de temps pour vous familiariser avec le fonctionnement et la signification des lettres du levier de vitesse.
Pour ceux qui révisent le Code de la route, retenez les principes d’utilisation des 4 modes de vitesses principaux : P, R, N et D.
Fonctionnement d’une boîte automatique
Signification des lettres du levier de vitesse
- Fonctionnement d’une boîte automatique
Passer d’une boite de vitesses manuelle à une automatique n’est pas très compliqué. La première chose à savoir est que les boites automatiques n’ont pas de pédale d’embrayage, car les changements de rapport se font automatiquement en fonction de votre allure.
Seul votre pied droit sera mis à contribution pour appuyer sur la pédale d’accélérateur et la pédale de frein. N’utilisez jamais votre pied gauche, autrement vous risquez de freiner avec votre pied gauche en même temps que votre pied droit accélère.
Pensez au fait que vous ne pourrez plus rétrograder pour utiliser le frein moteur, vous devrez systématiquement utiliser la pédale de frein pour réduire votre allure.
La boite de vitesse ressemble aux boites manuelles, elle est composée d’un levier et d’un couloir avec différentes positions où arrêter le levier. Les positions ne permettent plus de passer des vitesses, mais d’enclencher une fonction ou un mode de vitesse : reculer, immobiliser le véhicule, avancer, etc.
Quel que soit le modèle de voiture automatique, le levier affiche généralement les positions P, R, N, et D. Vous devez vous familiariser avec la fonction de chaque lettre, car en choisissant l’un des quatre mode de vitesses, vous envoyez une commande spécifique au véhicule.
- Signification des lettres du levier de vitesse
Levier-vitesse-automatique
Voici le mode d’emploi des lettres d’un boitier de vitesse automatique.
Pour changer la position du levier entre P, R, N et D vous devez être à l’arrêt, le pied sur le frein.
Position P
La lettre P correspond à la position Park ou Parking en français. Cette position est à adopter lorsque vous stationnez. Les roues sont immobilisées et la transmission est bloquée.
Pour arrêter la voiture, freinez jusqu’à l’immobilisation du véhicule et enclenchez la position P. N’oubliez pas de mettre également votre frein à main, car il est beaucoup plus sur que la position Park seule.
Position R
La lettre R correspond à la position Reverse ou marche arrière. Comme son nom l’indique, vous l’utilisez pour faire reculer votre véhicule.
Pour faire une marche arrière, immobilisez complètement la voiture, appuyez sur le frein et enclenchez la position R. Relâchez le frein et le véhicule commencera à reculer. Accélérez si vous voulez reculer plus vite.
Position N
La lettre N correspond à la position Neutral ou neutre de la boite de vitesse, autrement dit elle fait office de point mort. Le moteur tourne, les roues ne sont pas bloquées, mais elles ne sont pas entraînées. Si vous souhaitez pousser la voiture, en cas de panne par exemple, éteignez le moteur et enclenchez la position N.
Position D
La lettre D correspond à la position Drive, conduite ou marche avant. C’est la position à adopter pour commencer à rouler, comme si vous enclenchiez la 1re d’une boîte manuelle. Vous resterez sur cette position, quelle que soit votre allure, car les vitesses plus élevées se déclencheront automatiquement .
Lorsque le levier de vitesse est sur la position D, sachez que, même si vous n’accélérez pas, le véhicule avancer (à de 2 km/h environ) dès que vous relâchez la pédale de frein. Seules les modes P et N activent le moteur sans mettre la voiture en mouvement.
Positions supplémentaires selon les modèles
Selon le type de boîte, d’autres modes ou positions sont possibles :
● Position 1 ou L : seule la 1re vitesse est utilisée. Ce mode peut servir à tracter un véhicule par exemple.
● Position 2 : seules les 2 premières vitesses sont utilisées.
● Position 3 : seules les 3 premières vitesses sont utilisées. Idéal pour la conduite en agglomération.
● S ou Sport pour une conduite sportive.
● W pour Winter (hiver). La voiture démarre en 2e vitesse pour éviter le patinage des roues.
● Etc.
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