Delphine Oulaï, 24 ans, est ivoirienne. Elle est originaire de la région du Tonkpi, dans l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire.
Après avoir étudié le droit à Abidjan, elle s’est impliquée dans diverses ONG, telle qu’Afemira (Action féminine à l’initiative pour la renaissance de l’Afrique), ce qui l’a amenée à se rendre dans différents villages situés dans l’ouest, plongés dans le noir à la nuit tombée.
Les zones reculées de Côte d’Ivoire sont particulièrement touchées par le manque d’électricité. Afin de pallier ce problème, une Ivoirienne travaille pour développer une ampoule fonctionnant de manière autonome. Et le résultat est plutôt surprenant : pour l’allumer, il suffit de la mettre au contact de l’eau.
“Cela prend toujours du temps de raccorder un village au réseau électrique. Je me suis donc dit qu’il fallait trouver une autre solution. En faisant quelques recherches sur Internet, j’ai découvert qu’il existait des ampoules s’allumant au contact de l’eau. J’en ai alors parlé à Daniel Oulaï, mon frère, qui accompagne notre ONG. Cet Ivoirien a cofondé un centre d’incubation, qui est un espace de travail collaboratif, à Man, et mis en place une grainotèque à Sagouiné, dans la région du Tonkpi. Il s’est procuré l’une de ces ampoules et nous l’a fournie.”
Il s’agit d’une ampoule à diode électroluminescente (ou ampoule à LED), facilement démontable.
L’équipe de Daniel Oulaï a donc pu l’équiper d’une pile, fabriquée à partir d’une tige de carbone recouverte de poudre de magnésium. Il s’agit d’une pile hydro-électrique, c’est-à-dire qu’elle produit de l’électricité au contact de l’eau. En clair, lorsque les électrodes de la pile entrent en contact avec l’eau (conductrice d’électricité, en particulier lorsqu’elle est salée), une réaction électrochimique se produit à la surface des électrodes, ce qui génère de l’électricité. Celle-ci alimente ensuite l’ampoule à LED, qui s’allume.
Par ailleurs, l’intérêt de ce système réside dans le fait qu’il permet de recycler les lampes à pétrole utilisées traditionnellement par les populations, comme l’explique Daniel Oulaï : “Les ampoules pourraient être placées dans d’anciennes lampes à pétrole, dont le pétrole aurait été remplacé par l’eau.”
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