Togo/Secteur de l’immobilier : Un vide juridique qui ne protège pas le locataire. Le gouvernement veut mettre de l’ordre
Augmentation abusive et anarchique des prix des maisons à usage domestique, dictat des propriétaires des concessions, etc. Et c’est la classe moyenne et les pauvres qui souffrent de ce vide juridique dans un domaine essentiel, celui du logement depuis des décennies. En conseil des ministres ce jeudi 29 avril 2021, le gouvernement a planché sur ces dossiers et prévoit faire sortir un décret portant réglementation de la garantie de loyer et du bail ou du moins fixer les procédures relatives au bail d’habitation.
Le gouvernement prépare un décret qui devrait permettre de réglementer le secteur de la location au Togo. L’objet du projet de décret est de plafonner la caution et la garantie de loyer et de fixer les procédures relatives au bail d’habitation. « Face aux difficultés d’accès au logement liées notamment à la faiblesse de l’offre de logements qui entraîne des spéculations, il est apparu nécessaire de mieux encadrer ce secteur. Le conseil a instruit pour la poursuite des analyses et consultations afin de finaliser les propositions pertinentes permettant de faciliter l’accès de nos compatriotes et notamment les plus vulnérables, aux logements » peut-on lire dans le communiqué du conseil des ministres
C’est inadmissible que les bailleurs de maison à usage d habitation puissent continuer par demander abusivement à leurs locataires de fournir une garantie exorbitante allant de 12 mois à 24 mois de loyer en toute illégalité. Il faut la limiter à 3 mois au maximum et si le locataire quitte le logement, cette somme doit lui être remboursée après état des lieux si aucune détérioration n’est constatée à la fin du bail et au moment de la remise des clés.
Une loi sur le bail du logement à usage d’habitation est un domaine important car au moins 70% des Togolais sont locataires et paient le loyer chaque fin du mois même s’il n’y a pas de statistique dans ce domaine. Mais depuis des décennies, il n’y a aucune loi moderne dans ce sens. Donc, sans loi étatique, c’est la loi du plus fort qui règne. Les plus faibles qui sont les locataires sont obligés de se soumettre à la loi des plus forts qui sont les bailleurs ou propriétaires de maison. Aucune société humaine ne peut valablement fonctionner ou évoluer s’il n’y pas des lois appropriées pour protéger les consommateurs dans leur vie quotidienne.
Évidemment, les locataires seront en droit de récupérer la somme donnée comme garantie au moment qu’ils quittent le logement s’il n’y a pas détérioration à la sortie puisqu’un état des lieux sera effectué à la date de la prise des clés comme à celle de la remise des clés. Or, ce qu’on constate au Togo, c’est que cette somme remise comme garantie n’est pas souvent remboursée au locataire au moment du départ. Les bailleurs demandent aux locataires de « brûler cette avance » selon l’expression qui est souvent utilisée au Togo. Comment peut-on demander à quelqu’un qui a remis 12 mois de loyer pour garantir sa solvabilité, de rester pour brûler cette avance si pour une raison ou une autre, il doit déménager dans un intervalle de deux ou trois mois à compter de la date du préavis de départ qu’il a donné à son locataire ? Un locataire qui donne congé au bailleur c’est-à-dire le préavis de quitter, doit pouvoir récupérer la somme donnée en garantie quand il part.
On doit aussi supprimer ce que les agents immobiliers réclament aux locataires au moment de visiter une maison en location. C’est aux bailleurs qu’ils doivent réclamer cette somme car ce sont les bailleurs qui leur confient cette mission de leur trouver un locataire.
Vivement cette loi pour un domaine qui touche la majorité des Togolais surtout dans les grandes villes du pays.
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