Tribune libre/ Nadim Michel Kalife, Economiste togolais : Les avantages du Franc CFA, l’une des monnaies les plus stables du continent.
L’avantage du Franc CFA est que les investisseurs n’ont pas à s’inquiéter des dévaluations à répétition de la monnaie nationale. De plus, les banques de la zone FCFA sont rassurées de ne pas perdre en valeur réelle les prêts accordés à leurs clients. Le seul défaut de la zone géographique FCFA provient des politiques économiques des différents gouvernements nationaux, qui sont indépendants de la banque Centrale. Tout le problème est là, la gouvernance politique et économique, à distinguer de la politique monétaire qui ne dépend que de la BCEAO, qui est indépendante tout comme la FED aux USA et la BCE en zone Euro.
Heureusement que la BCEAO est indépendante des gouvernements. Si tel n’était pas le cas, le Franc CFA perdrait la confiance des épargnants et des investisseurs. Toutes les monnaies autres que le FCFA sont soumises à deux aléas cumulatifs qui perturbent toute projection économique nationale:
-1/- les variations imprévisibles des cours des matières premières qui alimentent leurs réserves en devises pour soutenir le change de leur monnaie dite souveraine. Une souveraineté, en titre puisque ces monnaies ne maîtrisent en rien leur taux de change et donc la sauvegarde du pouvoir d’achat de leurs populations;
-2/- les aléas des déficits publics en cours d’exercice budgétaire, en fonction d’événements déstabilisants, comme la pandémie Covid-19 ou des assauts djihadistes qui perturbent la production nationale et les échanges.
Et il faut tenir compte des conséquences de ces aléas sur les structures de financement de l’économie : par exemple,les banques qui ont prêté à moyen ou long terme en monnaie nationale dite souveraine se retrouvent ruinées par la dépréciation de cette monnaie dite Souveraine ; tandis que les paysans qui ont vendu sur pied leurs récoltes à un prix convenu avec leurs acheteurs, subissent la perte de leur pouvoir d’achat si une dévaluation de la monnaie intervient entre la date du contrat de vente et la date de la livraison, ce qui arrive souvent !
Et c’est cette éventualité à répétition qui avait découragé les producteurs de cacao du Nigeria et du Ghana, qui étaient les 2 premiers producteurs mondiaux avant la création du Cedi et du Naïra en 1972, avant de renoncer progressivement à la culture du cacao au profit des producteurs Ivoiriens dont la monnaie, le Franc CFA, leur garantissait la stabilité de pouvoir d’achat. Il faut s’élever au-dessus de la propagande des nombreux réseaux russes circulant en Afrique subsaharienne et qui visent à rompre les liens entre la France et l’Afrique. Il faut dire que depuis que Poutine a voulu se venger de la France qui s’était levée avec force contre l’annexion de la Crimée en 2014, ces réseaux russes de Poutine jouent sur l’émotion des anti-CFA pour des objectifs qu’ils ignorent.
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